Park 2011

Methods	Design: randomised, single‐blind trial of cardiorespiratory training plus usual care versus usual care ‐ during usual care Randomisation mechanism: participants blindly pick 1 of 2 cards Allocation concealment: envelopes used Blinding: outcome assessor blind to group allocation ITT: not reported Measurements: end of intervention (4 weeks) Withdrawals: 2 participants (1 from both intervention and control groups) not regularly participating
Participants	Randomised: 27 participants Intervention: 14 participants; 7 males and 6 females; mean age 59.4 years (SD 8.5) Control: 13 participants; 5 males and 7 females; mean age 56.9 years (SD 7.8) Inclusion criteria: 6 months to 5 years post first stroke; walking speed < 0.7 m/s Exclusion criteria: auditory or visual deficits; no orthopaedic or cardiovascular conditions; cognitive impairment (> 25 MMSE score)
Interventions	Invention group: 4‐phased walking training programme (progressing 150 metres to 200 metres to 300 metres to 500 metres) 1 hour 3 times/week for 4 weeks Control group: usual physiotherapy care 1 hour daily based on Bobath concept Setting: community based
Outcomes	Included outcomes: 10 metre Walk Test; 6‐MWT; Community Walk test Other outcomes: walking ability questionnaire; activities‐specific balance confidence scale
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Participants drew 1 of 2 cards from an envelope
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Envelopes used; nature of concealment unclear
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No attention control
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Person assessing outcome and analysing data blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) End of intervention	Low risk	ITT analysis not reported 2/27 (7%) lost at the end of intervention: 1 from intervention and 1 from control groups (not regularly participating)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol available
Other bias	Unclear risk	Unclear
Imbalanced exposure	High risk	Imbalanced exposure