Table 3.
Adverse events during the treatment phase
| Study ID | Injurious falls | Other injuries | Cardiovascular event | Other adverse event |
| Ada 2003 | EXP = 1 (hip fracture caused by a fall at home after the first week of training) CTL = 0 | EXP = 1 (missed post‐treatment measurement session due to low back pain) CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 1 (fall during overground component of training but no injuries sustained) CTL = 0 |
| Ada 2010 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 47 reports CTL = 27 reports All reports included musculoskeletal problems (back, hip, knee, calf, foot pain and gout), headaches, dizziness or chest pain. There were 6 reports of falling, 1 of which resulted in a fracture and none of which occurred during the delivery of intervention. 2 participants in the experimental group experienced anxiety attributable to being on a treadmill that was severe enough for them to withdraw from the study |
| Ada 2013 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Kim 2011 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| da Cunha Filho 2002 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Deniz 2011 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Du 2006 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Duncan 2011 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 16 (fracture) CTL = not reported | EXP = 1 (myocardial infarction) CTL = 1 (myocardial infarction) | EXP = 139 + 143 (ALL reported events) CTL = 126 (ALL reported events) |
| Eich 2004 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Franceschini 2009 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Gan 2012 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Globas 2011 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 1 recurrent stroke, 1 transportation problem CTL = 0 |
| Hoyer 2012 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Jaffe 2004 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Kang 2012 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Kosak 2000 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 1 (acute myocardial infarction 2 days after last treatment session) CTL = 1 (stroke progression) | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Kuys 2011 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Langhammer 2010 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Laufer 2001 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Liston 2000 | EXP = 0 CTL = not reported | EXP = 1 (knee pain after first 4 treadmill sessions) CTL = not reported | EXP = 0 CTL = not reported | EXP = 1 (hospitalised after first training session and subsequently died, reason for hospitalisation not reported) CTL = not reported |
| Luft 2008 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| MacKay‐Lyons 2013 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Macko 2005 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 11 (5 falls during treadmill training but no injuries sustained; 6 minor medical complications) CTL = 0 |
| Mehrberg 2001 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Moore 2010 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Nilsson 2001 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Olawale 2009 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Pohl 2002 | EXP 1 = 0 EXP 2 = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP 1 = 0 EXP 2 = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP 1 = 0 EXP 2 = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP 1 = 0 EXP 2 = 1 (vertigo, but did not have to terminate training) CTL = 0 |
| Richards 1993 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Richards 2004 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = 1 (hip fracture) CTL = not reported | EXP = 1 ‐ (cardiac problems) CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Scheidtmann 1999 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Smith 2008 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Sullivan 2007 | EXP = 7 CTL = 2 | |||
| Suputtitada 2004 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Takami 2010 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Toledano‐Zarhi 2011 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Visintin 1998 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Weng 2004 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Weng 2006 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Werner 2002a | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 | EXP = 0 CTL = 0 |
| Yang 2010 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Yen 2008 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Zhang 2008 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
| Zhu 2004 | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported | EXP = not reported CTL = not reported |
CTL: control EXP: experimental