3.

Leaflets written by patients and professionals together compared with leaflets written by professionals alone used in patients undergoing endoscopy or patients who receive patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) (Aabakken 1997; Chumbley 2002).
Patient or population: patients undergoing endoscopy or patients who receive PCA Settings: Hospitals in [London?] UK and in Oslo, Norway Intervention: Leaflets written by patients and professionals together Comparison: leaflets written by professionals alone
Outcomes	No of Participants (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
Anxiety (consumer influence on healthcare outcomes)	335 (2)	+++O moderate$	Based on these two trials, there is moderate quality evidence that there may be little or no difference in worries or anxiety associated with procedures for patients receiving information material developed following consumer consultation, compared with patients receiving material developed without consumer consultation.
Satisfaction with information material (consumers' satisfaction with products resulting from consumer involvement)	335 (2)	+++O moderate$	Based on these two trials there is moderate quality evidence that consumer consultation prior to developing patient information material probably results in material that is more relevant, readable and understandable to patients.
Knowledge of patient‐controlled analgesia (consumer influence on healthcare outcomes)	100 (1)	+++O moderate$	Based on this trial there is moderate quality evidence that consumer consultation before developing patient information material probably can improve the knowledge of patients who read the material.
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect (++++) Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate (+++O) Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate (++OO) Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate (+OOO)

$ Serious limitation due to blinded assessment of primary outcome(s) and baseline measurement not clear.