Jackson 2008.

Methods	Trial design: single‐centre RCT (parallel groups) Location: University Clinic, San Antonio Texas Recruitment period: not stated Funding source: a source of support was provided by both the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry, in the form of a grant, and Straumann, in the form of equipment Source of participants: patients attending clinic Study duration: 8 weeks Time points at which follow‐up are reported: from the time of implant placement until 8 weeks post‐placement
Participants	20 patients, 13‐48 years old, 12 females, 8 males (1 drop‐out not accounted for) 10 in the immediately loading group 10 in the delayed loading group Inclusion criteria: dental patients seeking orthodontic treatment orthodontic implants were deemed necessary for treatment by their orthodontist both maxillary first molars erupted and present sufficient bone quantity to completely encase a palatal implant
Interventions	Comparison 1: Strauman palatal implants, immediately loaded 3.3 mm diameter, 4 or 6 mm length Placed by a surgeon Implants were immediately loaded on the day of surgery by an activated 5 mm coil spring attached to a palatal arch Comparison 2: Strauman palatal implants, delayed loading 3.3 mm diameter, 4 or 6 mm length Placed by a surgeon Implants were not loaded on the day of surgery as they were attached to the palatal arch with an annealed coil spring, thus not producing any forces
Outcomes	Clinical success of the palatal implant defined as the ability to use the implant in the course of orthodontic treatment
Notes	The main study outcome was implant stability, not success of anchorage device. The duration of this study was 8 weeks, and the definition for clinical success of the mini‐screw implants was the ability to use the implant in the course of orthodontic treatment. An endpoint of 8 weeks after mini‐screw implant placement does not represent a course of orthodontic treatment
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "All patients in the study were randomised to either immediately loaded or non loaded treatments using the method of randomly permuted blocks" Quote: "The randomization scheme was generated by using the web site Randomization.com"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Third party volunteer sealed the treatment assignment for each participant in a brown envelope, which was open immediately prior to placement of the midpalatal implant" Quote: "Group designation obtained by randomization was revealed to the primary investigator on the day of the surgery"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not addressed
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) mesial movement of upper first maxillary molar	Low risk	1 patient dropped out from the immediate loading group due to failure of the implant
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Selective reporting of outcomes: does not report anchorage loss Selective reporting of data: no suggestion of selective reporting
Other bias	Low risk	Study appears to be free of other sources of bias