5. Audiovisual: Characteristics of excluded studies.
Study ID | Reason for exclusion |
Allen 1989 | Intervention |
Egger 1981 | Study design |
Friedman 1992 | Study design |
Hoffman 2000 | Intervention‐ interactive virtual reality |
Hoffman 2001 | Intervention‐ interactive virtual reality |
Holden 1992 | Intervention‐ patient education video |
Martin 1999 | Inadequate information provided (Ulrich study) |
Oyama 2000 | Intervention interactive |
Pruyn 1998 | Unclear validity of outcomes |
Schneider 2003 | Intervention interactive |
Schneider 2004 | Intervention interactive |
Schofield 2000 | Intervention‐ snoezelen |
Singer 2000 | Population, < 90% over 18 years old. |
Tse 2003 | Setting |
Ulrich 2003 | Setting |
Wint 2002 | Participants not adults |