| Study ID |
Reason for exclusion |
| Abramson 1966 |
No data presented‐ summary paper |
| Bampton 1997 |
Validity of outcomes |
| Beck 1991 |
Setting |
| Boeke 1988 |
Validity of outcomes |
| Bonke 1982 |
Outcomes not reported for relevant groups; data collection methods unclear. |
| Bozcuk 2006 |
Study design |
| Browning 2001 |
Intervention provided outside of hospital |
| Byers 1997 |
Study design |
| Bykov 2003b |
Setting and population |
| Cai 2001a |
Intervention |
| Cai 2001b |
Intervention |
| Ceccio 1984 |
Intervention‐ relaxation technique |
| Chikamori 2004 |
Intervention |
| Clair 1994 |
Questionable validity of outcome, relevant data not presented |
| Clair 2006 |
Setting |
| Clark 1998 |
Setting |
| Cooper 1991 |
Qualitative report |
| Courtright 1990 |
Outcome measure |
| Cunningham 1997 |
Outcomes |
| Davis 1992 |
Setting |
| De l'Etoile 2002 |
Intervention |
| Denney 1997 |
Setting |
| Dritsas 2004 |
Intervention not well defined |
| Durham 1986 |
Intervention provided during education programme |
| Eisenman 1995 |
Study design |
| Escher 1993 |
Music therapist confound; group differences in timing of data collection |
| Fauerbach 2002 |
Intervention included coaching of participants |
| Ferguson 1997 |
Setting not hospital |
| Fox 1986 |
Study design |
| Frank 1985 |
Study design |
| Fratianne 2001 |
Intervention interactive music therapy |
| Frid 1981 |
Interventions not suitable for inclusion |
| Good 1995 |
Invention group provided 20mins coaching. |
| Good 1998 |
Intervention group provided reinforcement and training‐ bias |
| Good 1999 |
Intervention group provided coaching on relaxing |
| Good 2001 |
Secondary analysis of previous study |
| Good 2002 |
Secondary analysis of previous study |
| Good 2005 |
Secondary analysis of previous study |
| Götell 2002 |
Setting; qualitative |
| Götell 2003 |
Qualitative |
| Guzzetta 1989 |
Relaxation (psychological) technique use with intervention |
| Harris 1992 |
Outcomes not health‐related |
| Haythornthwaite 2001 |
Intervention‐ taught techniques |
| Helmes 2006 |
Outcomes |
| Hooper 1992 |
Case study |
| Hsu 1998 |
Intervention not well defined |
| Huffman 1994 |
Intervention not well defined |
| Janelli 1997 |
Policy confound (restraints use) |
| Janelli 1998 |
Policy confound (restraints use) |
| Janelli 2000 |
Policy confound (restraints use) |
| Janelli 2002 |
Outcome measure |
| Janelli 2004 |
Outcome measure |
| Janiszewski 1980 |
Study design |
| Jarvis 1979 |
Conference abstract‐ not enough detail |
| Jonas 1988 |
Study design |
| Kaiming 1997 |
Intervention not well defined |
| Kane 2004 |
Data unsuitable for cross‐over study |
| Kim 2005 |
Setting |
| Kimata 2003 |
Setting |
| Kopp 1991 |
Intervention not well defined |
| Kumar 1992 |
Validity of outcomes |
| Kwon 2006 |
Study design‐ selection of participants by matching, different wards assigned to different conditions. |
| Lai 1999 |
Unable to clarify discrepancies in data with author |
| Lai 2005 |
Setting |
| Lai 2006 |
Setting; Duplicate |
| Laurion 2003 |
Intervention began before admission |
| Lazaroff 2000 |
Unclear methods and data |
| Leão 2004 |
Study design |
| Locsin 1979 |
Intervention not well described (CCT) |
| Locsin 1981 |
Intervention not well described (CCT) |
| McCaffrey 2004 |
Outcomes not validated/reliable |
| Mellgren 1967 |
Study design |
| Mihara 2005 |
Lack of information |
| Miluk‐Kolasa 1994 |
Confounding |
| Miluk‐Kolasa 1996 |
Intervention not well described |
| Miluk‐Kolasa 2002 |
Intervention not well described |
| Moss 1988 |
Intervention not well described, no data presented (CCT) |
| Murrock 2002 |
Setting |
