Comparison 4. Music versus scheduled rest.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Anxiety	8		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
1.1 Procedural anxiety	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 ICU/CCU anxiety	7		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Heart rate	4	180	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.76 [‐6.65, 1.13]
3 Blood pressure	4		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 Systolic	3	140	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.51 [‐6.65, 3.63]
3.2 Diastolic	2	110	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.29 [‐8.78, ‐1.79]
3.3 Arterial	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.75 [‐13.98, 4.48]
4 Respiration rate	3	110	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.04 [‐3.43, ‐0.66]