| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 4 or Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Low risk |
"The researcher randomly assigned subjects to one of the three intervention groups by drawing lots" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
High risk |
"After written consent was obtained from the subject, the researcher randomly assigned subjects [...]. A slip of paper was drawn out of the box before requesting participation. If the subject consented to participate, the slip of paper was thrown away; if the subject did not agree to participate, the slip of paper was put back in the box." |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Participants aware of group allocation. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Physiological data not described in enough detail for use in review. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Unclear risk |
"All participants enrolled in the study participated in both sessions". Missing data not described. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
High risk |
Insufficient data provided for extraction: BP and HR. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Low risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
