| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
"Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups." Method of randomisation not described. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Patients aware of group allocation. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Length of stay and narcotics usage ‐blinding unclear. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
"100 patients were enrolled. Two patients who died in hospital were excluded from the final data analysis. Three patients whose hospitalization following surgery lasted longer 14 days were also excluded from the final data analysis." Data presented for 95 remaining participants. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Unknown if selective outcome reporting. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Low risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
