| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
"Each subject was randomized." Method of randomisation not described. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Patients aware of group allocation. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
High risk |
Physiological measures recorded via range of means, some automated others not. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Withdrawals, drop‐outs, and missing data not described. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
High risk |
Insufficient data provided for extraction: HR, BP, and RR. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Unclear risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
