| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
"Patients were assigned randomly." Method of randomisation not described. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Patients aware of group allocation. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
High risk |
Unclear who assessed vomiting. There was no blinding of healthcare personnel, patients, or researchers. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
High risk |
"Three control group patients were dropped from the study because measurements were not taken at baseline or at a minimum of four of the other six data collection points. A fourth patient requested to learn relaxation therapy in addition to the music and therefore was not included. An additional two patients in the music intervention group were dropped from the study because they did not listen to music at the prescribed time intervals." (15% of participants withdrawn). Outcomes were obtained for >80% of included participants at 8 hours follow‐up but not at 16 hours follow‐up. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Unknown if selective outcome reporting. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Low risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
