| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Low risk |
"Random assignment of subjects [...] using a table of random numbers" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Participants aware of group assignment. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Study did not address objective outcomes. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
"A total of 5 patients were transferred to other hospitals during the study, leaving 18 patients in the nonmusic group and 17 patients in the music group" |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Unknown if selective outcome reporting. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Unclear risk |
It is possible that patients in the control group listened to their own music over the 3 day experiment, however it is unlikely that they would have been exposed to the structured intervention used for the study. |
