| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Low risk |
“Subjects were then allocated to one of three groups according to a predetermined computer‐generated random sequence.” |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Two study groups were unaware if they were receiving music alone, or music with binaural beats. The control group (standard care) was not blinded. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Study did not address objective outcomes. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Low risk |
“Of the 108 subjects who participated in the study, four were excluded as they were unable to complete the process. One participant disliked the music provided (Audio Group) and three subjects (one from each group) did not complete the second STAI‐S questionnaire for logistical reasons.” |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not known. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Low risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
