| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Low risk |
"participants were randomly assigned to the study groups by the flip of a coin." |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
High risk |
"After voluntary consent was obtained, the sample participants were randomly assigned to the study groups by the flip of a coin." |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Participants aware of group assignment. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
Low risk |
Physiological outcomes were measure through automated assessment. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Withdrawals and drop‐outs not described. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
High risk |
Insufficient data provided for extraction: Anxiety, HR and BP. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Low risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
