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. 2012 Mar 14;2012(3):CD005315. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005315.pub2

Zhang 2005.

Methods  
Participants  
Interventions  
Outcomes  
Notes See Table 8
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk "Computer‐generated randomisation list"
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Not described.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) 
 Subjective outcomes Unclear risk Level of alertness was scored on the OAA/S with which the observer was unaware as to the significance of the score but not blinded to group allocation. It is unclear as to whether patients were blinded to group allocation.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) 
 Objective outcomes Unclear risk It is unclear as to the level of blinding in this study.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk Withdrawals and drop‐outs not described.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Unclear risk Not known.
Protection from contamination? Low risk Interventions administered on an individual basis.