| Methods |
|
| Participants |
|
| Interventions |
|
| Outcomes |
|
| Notes |
See Table 8
|
| Risk of bias |
| Bias |
Authors' judgement |
Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
"Randomly assigned." Method of randomisation not described. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not described. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Subjective outcomes |
High risk |
Participants in the control group were told the study was for gaining information on new admissions, so were unaware of the true purpose of the study. However, participants were not blind to whether they received music, white noise, or standard care. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias)
Objective outcomes |
Low risk |
Physiological data obtained by automated measurements. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes |
Unclear risk |
Withdrawals and drop‐outs not described. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) |
Unclear risk |
Not known. |
| Protection from contamination? |
Low risk |
Interventions administered on an individual basis. |
