Cauraugh 2003a

Methods	Randomised controlled trial Participants randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups Method of randomisation and allocation concealment not stated
Participants	20 participants Inclusion criteria: absence of other neurological deficits, able to voluntarily extend wrist or fingers 10° against gravity, upper limit of 80% motor recovery (EMG activation patterns), no use of drugs for spasticity, not enrolled in any other rehabilitation protocol, diagnosis of CVA, sufficient voluntary control to activate the microprocessor, sufficient cognitive function to follow instructions
Interventions	Group 1 (10 participants): unilateral wrist and finger extension + EMG‐triggered stimulation Group 2 (10 participants): bilateral wrist and finger movement + EMG‐triggered stimulation During each day of training participants completed 3 sessions of 30 successful EMG triggered stimulation trials (approximately 90 minutes) with 5‐minute break between sessions Participants completed 360 trials across 12 sessions of training over 4 days Profession of individual(s) providing training unclear
Outcomes	Secondary outcome: motor impairment ‐ strength outcomes: EMG activity level (wrist and finger extensor muscles)
Notes	Number of participants in each group not reported; we assumed an equal number of participants in each group Data presented in paper as a graph ‐ mean log10 and SE Means estimated from graph and standard deviation calculated from estimated standard error to allow for inclusion in statistical pooling
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	Method of randomisation and allocation concealment not stated
Blinding of outcome assessor?	Unclear risk	Not stated
Intention to treat analysis?	Unclear risk	Not stated
Baseline similarity	Unclear risk	Details of the 2 groups at baseline were not reported