Cam 2002

Methods	Single‐centre study in Vietnam
Participants	Inclusion criteria: children with dengue fever who had acute respiratory failure as defined by failure to respond to 40% oxygen given via nasal cannula as evidenced by (a) cyanosis, oxygen saturation < 93 or PaO2 < 70 mm Hg; (b) respiratory rate > 50 breaths/minute; or (c) severe chest retraction and nasal flaring. The management of infants in both groups remained similar except for the intervention. The outcomes reported were stabilisation of the patient with PaO2 > 80 mm Hg after 30 minutes of treatment
Interventions	Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was started at 6 cm water pressure delivered through a Beneviste valve connected to binasal prongs at a FiO2 of 60%. The oxygen mask group received oxygen via a face mask with reservoir bag at a flow rate of 6 to 8 l/min resulting in a FiO2 of 60% to 80%
Outcomes	The outcome reported was stabilisation of the patient with PaO2 > 80 mm Hg after 30 minutes of treatment Secondary outcomes included: respiratory rate, PaO2 and SaO2
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomly numbered sealed envelopes
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomly numbered sealed envelopes
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unblinded study
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Reported outcomes on all randomised participants
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available for checking
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to assess