Hartmann 1994a

Methods	Single‐centre study in the UK
Participants	Inclusion criteria: infants less than 1 year of age. Bronchiolitis diagnosed on a clinical basis and requirement of greater than or equal to 40% oxygen to maintain SaO2 between 96% to 99%
Interventions	Control group: n = 18, 9 males Post‐menstrual age at study median 48 (range 40 to 61) weeks CNEP group: n = 15, 7 males Post‐menstrual age at study median 45 (range 41 to 56) weeks CNEP was started at ‐6 cm of water in the intervention group
Outcomes	FiO2 less than 0.3 within 1 hour after start of the therapy Need for IPPV Need for nasal CPAP
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Only abstract is available which is lacking in information
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Only abstract is available which is lacking in information
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Only abstract is available which is lacking in information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Only abstract is available which is lacking in information
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Only abstract is available which is lacking in information
Other bias	High risk	Only abstract is available which is lacking in information

CNEP = continuous negative extrathoracic pressure CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure FiO₂ = fraction of inspired oxygen IPPV = intermittent positive pressure ventilation PaO₂ = partial arterial pressure of oxygen SaO₂ = oxygen saturation