Mahmoudi 2011.
Methods | Study design: sham‐controlled cross‐over randomised trial Dropouts: not stated, most likely none Adverse effects: none Deaths: not stated, most likely none ITT: not stated |
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Participants | Country: Iran Number of participants: 10 right‐handed stroke participants with no sensory deficits Age: (mean ± SD) 60.8 ± 14.1 years Gender: 3 female (30%) Type of stroke: ischaemic Time poststroke: (mean ± SD) 8.3 ± 5.45, range 1 to 16 months Severity: median Brunnstrom stage 6 Inclusion criteria: single ischaemic stroke with more than 1 month's duration of mild to moderate motor deficit (to ensure that all participants could perform all items on the JTT Exclusion criteria: clinically significant or unstable medical or psychiatric disorder with history of substance abuse, any neuropsychiatric comorbidity other than stroke and contraindications to tDCS |
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Interventions | Each participant underwent 5 different treatments with at least 4 days of each of the following
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Outcomes | Outcomes used: JTT (with familiarisation sessions) Time points of measurement: at baseline and after stimulation |
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Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "The order of these conditions was counterbalanced and randomised across patients" |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Subjective outcome measures | Low risk | There were no subjective outcome measures |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Objective outcome measures | Low risk | Participants probably were blinded; blinding of personnel was not described. Quote: "Patients were then randomised to the double‐blinded, sham‐controlled cross over part of the experiment" |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcome measures | Low risk | There were no subjective outcome measures |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcome measures | Low risk | Quote: "A blinded physiatrist—instructed not to communicate with the patients during the task—evaluated patients' performance" |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Subjective outcome measures | Low risk | There were no subjective outcome measures |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Objective outcome measures | Unclear risk | All participants apparently completed the study. No treatment withdrawals, no losses to follow‐up, no trial group changes and no major adverse events were stated |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | All outcomes stated in the methods section were reported |