Viana 2014.

Methods	Study design: RCT Number of dropouts: none Number of adverse effects: none Deaths: none ITT: yes
Participants	Country: Brazil Sample size: 20 participants Inclusion criteria: unilateral stroke within 6 months prior to enrolment; age above 21 years; residual weakness/spasticity of the affected upper limb; being able to hold a Nintendo Wii controller with paretic hand; no cognitive deficits as measured by MMSE; being able to follow instructions and interact with the games; informed consent Exclusion criteria: history of seizure; cerebral aneurysm; prior surgery involving metallic implants
Interventions	2 arms A‐ tDCS over M1 of the affected hemisphere (2 mA for 13 minutes) plus virtual reality training using Nintendo Wii for 60 minutes 3 days a week for 5 weeks S‐ tDCS over M1 of the affected hemisphere (2 mA for 30 seconds) plus virtual reality training using Nintendo Wii for 60 minutes 3 days a week for 5 weeks
Outcomes	Outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of intervention and at 5‐week follow‐up Primary outcomes UE‐FM WMFT Secondary outcomes MAS Hand‐held dynamometry
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental or control groups by using sealed opaque envelopes"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental or control groups by using sealed opaque envelopes"
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Subjective outcome measures	Low risk	There were no subjective outcome measures
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Objective outcome measures	Low risk	Quote: "The participants and the researchers involved in the VRT interventions and evaluations were blind to group allocations for the duration of the trial"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcome measures	Low risk	There were no subjective outcome measures
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcome measures	Low risk	Quote: "The participants and the researchers involved in the VRT interventions and evaluations were blind to group allocations for the duration of the trial"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Subjective outcome measures	Low risk	There were no subjective outcome measures
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Objective outcome measures	Low risk	All participants completed the study. No treatment withdrawals, no losses to follow‐up, no trial group changes and no major adverse events were stated
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	All outcomes listed in the methods section reported