Summary of findings 2.
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation
| Cytisine versus placebo for smoking cessation | ||||||
| Patient or population: Individuals who smoke tobacco Setting: Varied Intervention: Cytisine Comparison: Placebo | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with placebo | Corresponding risk with Cytisine | |||||
| Cytisine vs placebo: continuous abstinence at longest follow‐up (24+ weeks) | Study population (where risk refers to quitters) | RR 3.98 (2.01 to 7.87) | 937 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | ||
| 21 per 1000 | 85 per 1000 (43 to 169) | |||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).The assumed risk in the comparison group is calculated as the median risk in control groups. CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1Imprecision rated 'very serious' (downgraded two levels on this basis) as only two studies, and fewer than 300 events in each arm.