Comparison 3.
Doppler ultrasound alone versus CTG alone
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Any perinatal death after randomisation | 4 | 2813 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.17, 1.15] |
| 1.1 Singleton pregnancy | 3 | 1916 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.34 [0.07, 1.68] |
| 1.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 1.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.16, 1.73] |
| 2 Serious neonatal morbidity | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 2.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3 Stillbirth | 4 | 2813 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.48 [0.14, 1.71] |
| 3.1 Singleton pregnancy | 3 | 1916 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.28 [0.05, 1.70] |
| 3.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 3.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.15, 7.41] |
| 4 Neonatal death | 3 | 1473 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.16, 1.72] |
| 4.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.15, 7.10] |
| 4.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.35 [0.07, 1.72] |
| 5 Any potentially preventable perinatal death* | 4 | 2813 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.38 [0.12, 1.18] |
| 5.1 Singleton pregnancy | 3 | 1916 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.41 [0.08, 2.11] |
| 5.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.35 [0.07, 1.72] |
| 6 Fetal acidosis | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7 Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes | 3 | 2663 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.54, 1.37] |
| 7.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 1766 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.49, 1.43] |
| 7.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.36, 2.39] |
| 8 Caesarean section (elective and emergency) | 4 | 2813 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.79, 1.01] |
| 8.1 Singleton pregnancy | 3 | 1916 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.77, 1.02] |
| 8.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.73, 1.14] |
| 9 Caesarean section ‐ elective | 3 | 1473 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.53 [1.12, 2.09] |
| 9.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.69 [1.07, 2.67] |
| 9.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.40 [0.91, 2.15] |
| 10 Caesarean section ‐ emergency | 3 | 1473 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.66 [0.52, 0.84] |
| 10.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.55 [0.36, 0.83] |
| 10.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.73 [0.55, 0.98] |
| 11 Spontaneous vaginal birth | 2 | 1323 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.97, 1.15] |
| 11.1 Singleton pregnancy | 1 | 426 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.04 [0.91, 1.19] |
| 11.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 11.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.95, 1.19] |
| 12 Operative vaginal birth | 3 | 2663 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.81, 1.17] |
| 12.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 1766 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.80, 1.27] |
| 12.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 12.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.68, 1.25] |
| 13 Induction of labour | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.67 [0.32, 1.40] |
| 13.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.67 [0.32, 1.40] |
| 13.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 13.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 13.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14 Oxytocin augmentation | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 14.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15 Neonatal resuscitation required | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16 Infant requiring intubation/ventilation | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.54 [0.26, 9.08] |
| 16.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.54 [0.26, 9.08] |
| 16.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17 Neonatal fitting/seizures | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.35 [0.01, 8.49] |
| 17.1 Singleton pregnancy | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.35 [0.01, 8.49] |
| 17.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18 Preterm labour | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19 Infant respiratory distress syndrome | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20 Meconium aspiration | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 21 Neonatal admission to SCBU and/or NICU | 4 | 2813 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.87 [0.73, 1.03] |
| 21.1 Singleton pregnancy | 3 | 1916 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.64, 0.99] |
| 21.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 21.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 21.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.73, 1.37] |
| 22 Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 22.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 22.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 22.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 22.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23 Intraventricular haemorrhage | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 23.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 24 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 24.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 24.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 24.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 24.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25 Necrotising enterocolitis | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26 Long term infant neurodevelopmental outcome | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 27 Women's views of their care | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 27.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 27.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 27.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 27.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 28 Gestational age at birth | 3 | 1473 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.23 [‐0.00, 0.47] |
| 28.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.26 [‐0.06, 0.59] |
| 28.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 28.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 28.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.20 [‐0.15, 0.55] |
| 29 Birth weight | 4 | 2813 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 38.41 [‐6.14, 82.97] |
| 29.1 Singleton pregnancy | 3 | 1916 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 49.34 [‐0.62, 99.31] |
| 29.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 29.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 29.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 1 | 897 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐4.0 [‐102.42, 94.42] |
| 30 Length of infant hospital stay | 2 | 576 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.25 [‐0.41, ‐0.08] |
| 30.1 Singleton pregnancy | 2 | 576 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.25 [‐0.41, ‐0.08] |
| 30.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 30.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 30.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 31 Birth < 34 weeks (not pre‐specified) | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 31.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 31.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 31.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 31.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 32 Antenatal admissions (not pre‐specified) | 1 | 426 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.70 [0.55, 0.90] |
| 32.1 Singleton pregnancy | 1 | 426 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.70 [0.55, 0.90] |
| 32.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 32.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 32.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 33 Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (not pre‐specified) | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.15 [0.01, 2.87] |
| 33.1 Singleton pregnancy | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.15 [0.01, 2.87] |
| 33.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 33.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 33.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 34 Abnormal neurological development at 9months (not pre‐specified) | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 34.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 34.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 34.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 34.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 35 Hospitalisation for IUGR neonatal (not pre‐specified) | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 35.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 35.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 35.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 35.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36 Fetal distress in labour (not pre‐specified) | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 37 Birth weight < 5 percentile (not pre‐specified) | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 37.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 37.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 37.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 37.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 38 Periventricular leucomalacia (not pre‐specified) | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 38.1 Singleton pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 38.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 38.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 38.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 39 Antenatal hospital stay | 1 | 426 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.60 [‐2.39, 1.19] |
| 39.1 Singleton pregnancy | 1 | 426 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.60 [‐2.39, 1.19] |
| 39.2 Multiple pregnancy | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 39.3 Singleton plus multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 39.4 Not specified whether singleton or multiple pregnancies | 0 | 0 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |