McMillan 2012.

Methods	Single‐centre Canadian study Randomised controlled trial Recruitment dates not specified
Participants	47 participants 41 male:6 female Mean age: 61.2 years Inclusion criteria: yes: "at least one joint contracture of at least 20°" Exclusion criteria: yes: "diabetes mellitus and those who had previously had hand surgery, including PNA, on the affected hand for any reason"
Interventions	Steroid injection at end of percutaneous needle fasciotomy, repeated at 6 weeks and 3 months, vs no steroid injection
Outcomes	Change and % change in total active extension deficit, described per joint: 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months Significantly greater % improvement in TAED for all joints at at all time points, and for MCPJs and PIPJs at 6 months, for steroid group (unclear who performed outcome measurements) Complications described? yes Details: no infections; reported alterations in sensation or other side effects or complications
Notes	Length of follow‐up: 6 months Low‐quality evidence due to risk of bias and imprecision Funded by the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons; no conflicts of interest declared
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Electronic random number generator
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No exclusions after randomisation
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Outcomes reported
Other bias	Low risk	No blocked randomisation in an unblinded study
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding; no sham injection for control group
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described