Study	Reason for exclusion
Atroshi 2014	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; not a randomised or pseudorandomised trial
Barros 1997	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Bendon 2012	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Braga Silva 1999	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Braga Silva 2002	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Castro 1981	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Cervero 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; not a randomised or pseudorandomised trial
Craft 2011	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; no concurrent control and intervention groups
Dias 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Dib 2008	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Dickie 1967	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Erne 2014	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Evans 2002	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Ferry 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Galbiatti 1995	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Glassey 2001	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; retrospective service evaluation of participants treated with a splint and those treated without a splint based on clinical grounds rather than randomisation/pseudorandomisation
Gomes 1984	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Halliday 1966	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Herrera 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; not a randomised or pseudorandomised trial
Hovius 2011	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Jerosch‐Herold 2008	Excluded on the basis of question 3 of Appendix 3; publication reports the protocol of a study; final study is described in Jerosch‐Herold 2011, which is among the Included studies
Larson 2012	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Malta 1984	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Malta 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Moraes Neto 1996	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Nancoo 2007	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Nydick 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; not a randomised or pseudorandomised trial
Orbezo 1999	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Ould‐Slimane 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Pereira 2012	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Pesco 2008	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Pess 2012	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Reuben 2006	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Rives 1992	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Skoff 2004	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; no concurrent control and intervention groups
van Rijssen 2012b	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
Vollbach 2013	Excluded on the basis of question 5 of Appendix 3; not a randomised or pseudorandomised trial
von Campe 2012	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions
White 2012	Excluded on the basis of question 4 of Appendix 3; no comparison of an intervention vs control and no comparison of 2 interventions