Comparison 1. Dietary advice compared with no advice.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Mortality	10	887	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.43 [0.70, 2.94]
1.1 Zero to three months	6	510	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.59, 3.08]
1.2 Four to six months	4	377	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.73 [0.40, 7.57]
2 Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Four to six months	2	177	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.52, 1.50]
3 Change in weight (kg)	9	733	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.47 [0.32, 2.61]
3.1 Zero to three months	6	451	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.30 [‐0.82, 3.42]
3.2 Four to six months	2	190	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.46 [‐1.03, 3.95]
3.3 Twelve months and over	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.75 [0.97, 6.53]
4 Change in mid‐arm muscle circumference (MAMC) (cm)	2	130	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.31, 1.31]
4.1 Zero to three months	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.65, 1.39]
4.2 Four to six months	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.5 [‐0.09, 1.09]
5 Change in triceps skinfold thickness (mm)	3	222	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.15 [‐1.37, 1.67]
5.1 Zero to three months	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.16 [‐3.15, 0.83]
5.2 Four to six months	1	40	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.27 [‐0.04, 2.58]
5.3 Twelve months or over	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.14 [‐2.32, 2.04]
6 Change in energy intake (kcal)	7	472	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	257.78 [‐0.74, 516.30]
6.1 Zero to three months	6	322	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	283.19 [‐107.18, 673.56]
6.2 Four to six months	1	150	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	63.70 [55.29, 72.11]
7 Change in grip strength (kg force)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
7.1 Four to six months	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]