Comparison 3. Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Mortality	7		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Zero to three months	6	517	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.55 [0.08, 3.95]
1.2 Four to six months	1	22	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
2 Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital	2	108	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.53 [1.00, 2.34]
2.1 Zero to three months	1	80	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.81 [0.97, 3.36]
2.2 Four to six months	1	28	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.70, 2.02]
3 Change in weight (kg)	11	636	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.95 [‐0.03, 1.93]
3.1 Zero to three months	9	592	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [‐0.12, 2.06]
3.2 Four to six months	2	44	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.50 [‐1.52, 2.53]
4 Change in weight (kg) without Beattie 2000 & Paton 2004	9	507	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐0.36, 0.75]
4.1 Zero to three months	7	463	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [‐0.40, 0.75]
4.2 Four to six months	2	44	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.50 [‐1.52, 2.53]
5 Change in mid‐arm muscle circumference (MAMC) (cm)	3	492	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.89 [‐1.35, ‐0.43]
5.1 Zero to three months	2	464	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.85 [‐1.34, ‐0.36]
5.2 Four to six months	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.23 [‐2.65, 0.19]
6 Change in triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) (mm)	6	386	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.22 [‐2.34, ‐0.09]
6.1 Zero to three months	5	358	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.32 [‐2.51, ‐0.12]
6.2 Four to six months	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.10 [‐3.99, 4.19]
7 Change in energy intake (Kcal)	6	189	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐192.80 [‐481.92, 96.31]
7.1 Zero to three months	4	145	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐344.88 [‐600.28, ‐89.47]
7.2 Four to six months	2	44	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	226.84 [‐223.19, 676.87]
8 Change in grip strength (kg force)	4		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Zero to three months	4	308	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.67 [‐2.96, ‐0.37]