Hampson 2003.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial. Duration 12 months.
Participants	Adult women (n = 71, dietary advice and supplement group, mean (SD) age 76 years (4.2), no advice group mean (SD) age 76.7 years (5.7)) with osteoporosis. All patients malnourished with BMI <21. 6 participants withdrew from the study, 5 in the dietary advice and supplement group.
Interventions	Dietary advice to increase intake and 2x 200ml supplement (Nutricia) +1 g calcium and 800 units cholecalciferol (n = 36) versus no dietary advice +1 g calcium and 800 units cholecalciferol (n = 35).
Outcomes	Survival*, weight*, bone mineral density, fat mass, lean mass, energy intake*.
Notes	Additional data on outcomes requested from author
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Random sequence generated in a department external to the study (Department of Public Health).
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Clinical outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Functional outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Nutritional outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	6 participants withdrew from the study, 5 in the dietary advice and supplement group.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	All outcomes reported but not in a format suitable for entry into meta‐analysis. Data on energy intake reported as mean (SD) for groups at baseline and end of intervention, therefore mean change data obtained from the authors. Data on weight change reported as % change. Data requested from authors but not received.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Baseline variables given, treatment group were significantly lighter and had lower fat mass than the no treatment group.