Rydwik 2008.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial. Duration 12 weeks intervention, and a further 6 months follow‐up.
Participants	Frail elderly (n = 96), aged over 75 years with unintentional weight loss >5% and/or BMI <20 kg/m2 and low physical activity level. 32 dropouts.
Interventions	Dietary counselling to increase energy intake (n = 22) versus dietary counselling plus exercise training versus exercise training alone, versus control (n = 19).
Outcomes	weight*, BMI*, TSF*, energy intake*, muscle strength, balance, time‐to‐up‐and‐go, walking speed.
Notes	Data on dietary counselling group and control group will be used.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Further details needed.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Further details needed.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Clinical outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Functional outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Nutritional outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	32 dropouts, 7 in the dietary counselling group, 11 in the dietary counselling plus exercise, 4 in the exercise alone group and 10 in the control group.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	All specified outcomes reported apart from TSF. The data was requested from the authors but unavailable. Data on mean change in weight and energy intake were reported without a standard deviation and so have been obtained from the author.
Other bias	Low risk	Baseline variables given, groups similar at baseline.