Wong 2004.
| Methods | Randomised controlled trial. Duration 4 months. | |
| Participants | Adults (n = 189, dietary counselling group 18% men and 82% women, mean (SD) age 75.8 years (9.5); no advice group 15% men and 85% women, mean (SD) age 73.8 years (11.6)) presenting with osteoporotic fractures. Mean (SD) BMI at baseline 22.6 (3.9), no details of numbers malnourished. 39 participants lost to follow‐up. |
|
| Interventions | Tailored dietary advice with recipes and specific goals for energy, protein and calcium +500 mg calcium & anti‐resorptive agent (n = 73) versus no advice +500 mg calcium & anti‐resorptive agent (n = 77). | |
| Outcomes | Weight*, BMI*, energy intake* | |
| Notes | Additional data and information requested from authors. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Information from author indicated that a computer‐generated list of random numbers was used. |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Information from author indicated that allocation concealment was achieved by an independent person managing this aspect of the trial. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Clinical outcomes | Unclear risk | Not stated. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Functional outcomes | Unclear risk | Not stated. |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Nutritional outcomes | Unclear risk | Not stated. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | 39 participants lost to follow‐up. 18 in the intervention group and 21 in the control group but reasons not given, therefore risk of bias. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported. Mortality data confirmed with authors. Additional information on study quality obtained from authors. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Baseline variables given, groups similar at baseline. |
* outcomes included in this review if data usable BASDEC: brief assessment schedule depression cards BIA: bioelectric impedence analysis BMI: body mass index CDAI: Crohn's disease activity index CF: cystic fibrosis COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DEXA: dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry FEV1: forced expiratory volume at one second FVC: forced vital capacity GI: gastro‐intestinal HIV: human immunodeficiency virus IBW: ideal body weight IQR: interquartile range ITT: intention‐to‐treat MAC: mid‐arm circumference MAMA: mid‐arm muscle area MAMC: mid‐arm muscle circumference MCT: medium chain triglycerides MNA: mini nutritional assessment MUAC: mid‐upper arm circumference PG‐SGA: patient generated subjective global assessment QoL: quality of life REE: resting energy expenditure SD: standard deviation SE: standard error SGA: subjective global assessment TSF: triceps skinfold thickness