Krebs 2007

Trial name or title	Robot‐aided neurorehabilitation: a robot for wrist rehabilitation
Methods	RCT
Participants	Country: USA Inclusion criteria: first, single focal unilateral lesion with diagnosis verified by brain imaging (MRI or CT scans) that occurred at least 6 months prior; cognitive function sufficient to understand the experiments and follow instructions (Mini‐Mental State score of 22 or higher or interview for aphasic participants), Motor Power Score 1/5 and 4/5 (neither hemiplegic nor fully recovered motor function in the muscles of the shoulder and elbow and wrist), never experienced robot‐assisted therapy, given informed written consent to participate in the study Exclusion criteria: fixed contraction deformity in the affected limb
Interventions	4 groups: 6 weeks of robot‐delivered wrist therapy followed by 6 weeks of robot‐delivered shoulder‐and‐elbow training (3 times per week; 36 sessions in total) 6 weeks of shoulder‐and‐elbow training followed by 6 weeks of wrist training (3 times per week; 36 sessions in total) 12 weeks of alternating days of shoulder‐and‐elbow and wrist training (with at least 24 hours between alternations) using the planar and wrist robots in stand‐alone mode (3 times per week; 36 sessions in total) 12 weeks of training with half of the day’s session focusing on shoulder‐and‐elbow training and half of the session focusing on wrist training (3 times per week; 36 sessions in total) using the planar and wrist robots in stand‐alone mode
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: FMA (shoulder/elbow and wrist/hand subsections); motor power
Starting date	Not described
Contact information	Principal Investigator: Hermano Igo Krebs, PhD, Principal Research Scientist & Lecturer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 3‐137 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: +1 617 253 8112, Fax: +1 617 258 7018, hikrebs@mit.edu
Notes	Estimated enrolment: 160 participants