Lam 2006
| Methods | RCT | |
| Participants | Recruited from rehabilitation units in Hong Kong 58 participants: 20 virtual reality, 16 video‐based program, 22 no treatment Inclusion criteria: 50 to 85 years old, medically stable with no previous psychiatric history, able to follow simple instructions and write with a pen in Chinese or English, consistent volitional motor response, good visual tracking, discrimination ability and figure ground skills, sustained attention span of at least 10 minutes Exclusion criteria: computer‐related phobia or previous training in Mass Transit Railway Skills Mean (SD) age: virtual reality group 71 (16) years, video‐based program group 71 (15) years, no treatment group 73 (10) years 31% male Timing post stroke: virtual reality group mean (SD) 4 (4) years, video‐based program group 3 (3) years, no treatment group 5 (3) years |
|
| Interventions | Virtual reality intervention: a virtual reality program designed to retrain skills using the Mass Transit Railway. Activities included crossing the road and using the facilities at the station Video based program intervention: a video‐based program included instruction, modelling, demonstration, role playing, coaching and feedback on using the Mass Transit Railway No treatment group: no treatment 10 sessions of unspecified duration were provided for the participants in the virtual reality and video program group |
|
| Outcomes | Outcomes recorded at baseline and post‐intervention Other outcomes: behavioural rating scale, Mass Transit Railway Self Efficacy Scale |
|
| Notes | — | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups using a statistical package random number generator tool |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Allocation was computer‐generated |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Blind |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | There were no missing data |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | No other outcomes were collected |