Yang 2011

Methods	RCT
Participants	Recruited from a hospital in Taiwan 14 participants: 7 intervention, 7 control Inclusion criteria: hemiplegia resulting from a stroke more than 6 months ago. Able to understand the treadmill exercises Exclusion criteria: inability to walk independently (without using an assistive device), abnormal neuro‐opthalmologic findings after examination and visual acuity problems after correction Mean (SD) age: intervention group 56.3 (10.2), control group 65.7 (5.9) years Stroke details: 36% right hemiparesis Timing post stroke: intervention group mean (SD) 17 (8.6) months, control group 16.3 (10.4) months
Interventions	Virtual reality intervention: standard occupational therapy and physiotherapy program plus virtual reality treadmill training. The treadmill was co‐ordinated with the interactive scenes so that a stepping switch turned the scenes left or right as if the person was turning a corner. Participants had to make 16 turns per session Control intervention: treadmill training facing a window Sessions were 20 minutes, 3 times a week for 3 weeks (approximately 3 hours total)
Outcomes	Outcomes recorded at baseline and post‐intervention Gait outcomes: bilateral limb loading symmetric index, paretic limb stance time, number of steps of the paretic limb, contact areas of the paretic foot during quiet stance, sit‐to‐stand transfer and level walking Balance outcomes: centre of pressure
Notes	—
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded to allocation
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient detail reported to tell
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available