Study	Reason for exclusion
Ahrens 2004	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position). Experimental group had a 10‐minute pause in each lateral position and a 5‐minute pause in the supine position during kinetic therapy No separate outcome data reported between body positions during kinetic therapy
Aitken 1995	Non‐randomized study
Aitken 2000	Non‐randomized study
Bridges 2000	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position) for phase 2 study
Briones 1991	Insufficient information about study design within conference proceeding abstract for assessment of eligibility for inclusion. Study author contacted and responded (original report may be difficult to track, university was to be contacted). No further response received (personal communication, Dr. Tess Briones, 9 October 2009)
Chang 1989	Participants not critically ill
Chang 1993	Participants not critically ill
Dhainaut 1980	Non‐randomized study
Enright 1997	Non‐randomized study (Participants were examined in 4 body positions including right and left lateral positions, with the sequence of treatment randomized. However, the study conducted separate descriptive and inferential analyses of each body position, with no comparative analysis between body positions)
Gillespie 1987	Non‐randomized study
Groom 1990	Non‐randomized study
Hamlin 2008b	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position) Two‐hourly turning with the sequence 'supine‐left lateral‐supine‐right lateral' compared with automated continuous lateral turning. Automated turning did not meet inclusion criteria Information provided by principal investigator (personal communication, Prof. Sandra Hanneman, 6 March 2010), who clarified the design of the primary (parent) study on preventable pulmonary complications and the substudy on haemodynamic outcomes (as a report was not available at the time of personal communication)
Lange 1988	Participants not critically ill (elective cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain) Randomized design violations (last 7 participants had fewer comparisons between body positions and fewer outcome measures taken than the first 17 participants, despite randomization of position order)
Ledwith 2010	Outcomes not relevant (brain tissue oxygen, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure)
Mauri 2010	Non‐randomized study
McLean 2001	No separate outcome data reported between positions during kinetic therapy (Experimental group had 10‐minute pause in each body position, with control group turned 2‐hourly accordingly to unit protocol, minimal description)
Murphy 1977	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position) 8 adult males allocated to 3 groups according to position of the PA catheter insertion site. Thereafter, participants within each group randomized to a subgroup with a pre‐specified sequence (supine‐lateral‐supine vs lateral‐supine‐lateral). Positioning sequence was repeated for each participant 4 times during the study
Neagley 1985	Participants not critically ill. Non‐randomized study (not all body positions for comparison were randomized)
Nelson 1989	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position/positioning schedule for comparison) Data collected during "continuous full side‐to‐side rotation" and "compared to three static positions after 30 minutes in the static position", including right lateral, left lateral and supine positions (personal communication, Prof. Loren Nelson, 5 March 2010)
Porto 2008	Outcomes not relevant (respiratory system compliance)
Rivara 1984	Non‐randomized study
Romero 1995	Participants not critically ill
Ross 1995	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position) Outcome data collected after 5 minutes, but further correspondence indicated that body position changes may have occurred within a minimum of 10 minutes as the result of transducer adjustment, instrument checks and other protocol procedures performed before data collection at the 3 different transducer positions; "exact time spent in each position was not recorded" (personal communication, Associate Prof. Carol Ross, 4 June 2010)
Seaton 1979	Participants not critically ill (preop and after 24 hours postop for unilateral lobectomy/thoracotomy for resection of lung tumour)
Shinners 1993	Non‐randomized study (Group allocation according to timing of enrolment i.e. first half allocated to one sequence (supine‐side lying‐side lying), and second half allocated to other sequence (side lying‐supine‐supine). Thereafter, participants randomly assigned to right or left lateral position for the side‐lying period)
Simonis 2012	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position), no separate outcome data reported between body positions during kinetic therapy
Sonnenblick 1983	Participants not critically ill
Staudinger 2010	Intervention does not meet criteria (duration < 10 minutes in each body position), no separate outcome data were reported between body positions during CLRT
Williams 1997	Co‐intervention (mattress type) not equally applied to groups (Conference proceeding abstract of randomized study of 50 critically ill participants, comparing 2‐hourly turns on standard hospital mattress vs 8‐hourly turns on air‐suspension mattress for P/F ratio and numerical chest x‐ray score from day 0 to day 3)
Wilson 1994	Non‐randomized study
Winslow 1990	Non‐randomized study
Yeaw 1996	Participants not critically ill
Zack 1974	Not all participants were critically ill (most were ambulatory)