Table 4. Univariate analysis of factors impacting the incidence of DCIS.

Variables	Assignment	N	Lymphedema case (%)	χ2	P
Lymph node metastasis
	No	228	11 (4.8)	0.253	1.000
	Yes	5	0 (0.0)
The number of metastatic lymph nodes
	≤3 (N1 Group)	230	11 (4.8)	0.151	1.000
	4–9 (N2 Group)	3	0 (0.0)
	≥10 (N3 Group)	0	0 (0.0)
Tumor size
	≤2cm	104	6 (5.8)	1.157	0.763
	2–5cm	111	5 (4.5)
	>5cm	16	0 (0.0)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
	No	215	9 (4.2)	1.771	0.183
	Yes	18	2 (11.1)