Table 3.
Statistical comparisons of cytokines and chemokines among WNV-positive cases and WNV-negative controls by sex.
| Females vs males, P valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine/Chemokineb | Controls (n1 = 14, n2 = 17)c | IgM-negative cases (n1 = 32, n2 = 32)c | IgM-positive cases (n1 = 15, n2 = 36)c |
| CCL2 (MCP-1) | 0.7614 | 0.0507 | 0.0014 |
| CCL7 (MCP-3) | 0.0140 | 0.4141 | 0.8392 |
| CCL8 (MCP-2) | 0.1830 | 0.8860 | 0.1477 |
| CCL11 (eotaxin-1) | 0.4685 | 0.0176 | 0.0021 |
| CCL13 (MCP-4) | 0.0971 | 0.7802 | 0.2583 |
| CCL20 (MIP-3α) | 0.0632 | 0.3938 | 0.8764 |
| CXCL9 (MIG) | 0.1304 | 0.0745 | 0.145 |
| CXCL10 (IP-10) | 0.0444 | 0.4055 | 0.0278 |
| IFN-α | 0.4516 | 0.4628 | 0.2925 |
| IL-15 | 0.5353 | 0.3794 | 0.0099 |
| IL-1RA | 0.0005 | 0.9389 | 0.4943 |
| MMP-9 | 0.4213 | 0.7439 | 0.1297 |
Abbreviations: IFN-α, interferon α; IgM, immunoglobulin M; IL-15, interleukin 15; IL-1RA, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; IP-10, interferon γ-induced protein 10; MCP, monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIG, monokine induced by gamma interferon; MIP-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α; WNV, West Nile virus.
Determined by the Mann–Whitney U test. Values <0.05 are considered statistically significant.
The significance pattern of cytokine level differences among controls, pre-IgM cases and post-IgM cases were compared between sexes. Cytokines that did not show sex differences in cytokine level comparisons are not shown.
Number of females (n1) and males (n2) in each group.