Table 1.
Microbiological, virological and immunohistochemical results of investigations performed on the 3 striped dolphins under study.
| Samples | Organs/Tissues | Investigations | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 1 | faeces, liver | Salmonella spp. isolation | positive (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) | 38 |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, TB ln, liver, spleen, kidney | standard aerobic bacterial culture | Aeromonas hydrophila | — | |
| brain | Listeria spp. isolation | negative | 38 | |
| brain, PSC ln, spleen | Brucella spp. isolation | negative | 38 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, spleen | Brucella spp. (PCR) | negative | 50 | |
| serum | anti- Brucella spp. AB detection (S.A.R.) | negative | 52 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, spleen | Morbillivirus (PCR, sequence analysis) | positive (Dolphin Morbillivirus) | 27 | |
| brain, lung, spleen, kidney | Morbillivirus (IHC) | negative | 25 | |
| lung, PSC ln | Morbillivirus (isolation) | negative | 51 | |
| serum | anti-Morbillivirus AB detection (SN) | negative | 53 | |
| brain, PSC ln, liver, spleen, muscle | Toxoplasma gondii (PCR) | positive | 26 | |
| brain | Toxoplasma gondii (IHC) | negative | 25 | |
| serum | anti-T. gondii AB detection (IFAT) | positive (>1:160) | 25 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, spleen | Herpesvirus (PCR) | negative | 49 | |
| Case 2 | faeces, liver | Salmonella spp. isolation | positive (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) | 38 |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, TB ln, liver, spleen, kidney, blood | standard aerobic bacterial culture | positive (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) | — | |
| brain | Listeria spp. isolation | negative | 38 | |
| brain, lung, PS ln, TB ln, liver, spleen | Brucella spp. isolation | negative | 38 | |
| brain, lung, tonsils, PS ln, TB ln, liver, spleen, kidney, blood | Brucella spp. (PCR) | negative | 50 | |
| serum, HA, CSF | anti- Brucella spp. AB detection (S.A.R.) | negative | 52 | |
| brain, lung, tonsils, PS ln, TB ln, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder, blood | Morbillivirus (PCR, sequence analysis) | positive (Dolphin Morbillivirus) | 27 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, TB ln, spleen, kidney, bladder, pancreas | Morbillivirus (IHC) | positive | 25 | |
| brain, lung, TB ln, spleen, kidney, bladder | Morbillivirus (isolation) | negative | 51 | |
| serum, HA, CSF | anti-Morbillivirus AB detection (SN) | negative | 53 | |
| brain, PS ln, TB ln, liver, spleen, heart, muscle | Toxoplasma gondii (PCR) | positive | 26 | |
| brain, heart | Toxoplasma gondii (IHC) | positive | 25 | |
| serum, HA, CSF | anti-T. gondii AB detection (IFAT) | positive (serum,1:160; HA, 1:5120) | 25 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, TB ln, spleen kidney | Herpesvirus (PCR, sequence analysis) | positive (Alphaherpesvirus) | 49 | |
| Case 3 | faeces | Salmonella spp. isolation | positive (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) | 38 |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, PUL ln, liver, spleen, kidney | Salmonella spp. isolation (with pre-enrichment) | positive (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) | 38 | |
| brain | Listeria spp. isolation | negative | 38 | |
| brain | Brucella spp. isolation | negative | 38 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, kidney | Brucella spp. (PCR) | negative | 50 | |
| serum, HA, CSF | anti- Brucella spp. AB detection (S.A.R.) | negative | 52 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, PUL ln, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder | Morbillivirus (PCR, sequence analysis) | positive (Dolphin Morbillivirus) | 27 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, PUL ln, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder | Morbillivirus (isolation) | negative | 51 | |
| serum, HA, CSF | anti-Morbillivirus AB detection (SN) | negative | 53 | |
| brain, PSC ln, PUL ln, liver, spleen, heart, muscle | Toxoplasma gondii (PCR) | negative | 26 | |
| serum, HA, CSF | anti-T. gondii AB detection (IFAT) | negative | 25 | |
| brain, lung, PSC ln, PUL ln, liver, spleen | Herpesvirus (PCR, sequence analysis) | positive (Alphaherpesvirus) | 49 |
Legend - PSC ln: prescapular lymph node; TB ln: tracheo-bronchial lymph node; AB: antibodies; S.A.R: rapid serum agglutination; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IFAT: indirect immunofluorescence test; HA, humor acqueous; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; PUL ln: pulmonary lymph node; SN: serum neutralization.
Tissues positive are shown in bold.