Table 1.
Summary of recent studies showing the association between pulse wave velocity and coronary atherosclerosis.
| Source | Number of patients | Population | Mean age (years) | Design | PWV | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. (38) | 83 | Type 2 diabetes | 64 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | The AUC of baPWV for coronary artery stenosis (>20%) on CCTA was 0.672 |
| Funck et al. (33) | 45 | Type 2 diabetes | 63 | Longitudinal | cfPWV | Baseline cfPWV was associated with high-risk subtype of coronary plaque volume on CCTA measured after 5-yearf follow-up, independently of age, sex, diabetes, and blood pressure |
| Chiha et al. (31) | 344 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 61 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | cfPWV correlated with the extent of CAD, as measured by the “Extent” score (r = 0.21, P = 0.001) |
| Lee et al. (41) | 1,124 | Undergoing health check-up | 44 | Longitudinal | baPWV | Baseline higher baPWV was significantly correlated with the progression of CAC during 2.7 year of follow-up |
| Vishnu et al. (44) | 1,131 | Community population (men) | 45 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV was associated with the presence of CAC |
| Torii et al. (43) | 986 | Community population | 986 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Prevalence of CAC progressively increased with rising levels of baPWV. |
| Cainzos-Achirica et al. (46) | 15,185 | Undergoing health check-up | 42 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for CAC > 0 comparing baPWV quintiles 2–5 vs. quintile 1 were 1.06, 1.24, 1.39, and 1.60, respectively (P trend < 0.001) |
| Duman et al. (32) | 103 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 55 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | A highly positive correlation was observed between CAD severity and PWV (r = 0.838, P = 0.001) |
| Braber et al. (35) | 193 | Sportsmen | 55 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | Adding cfPWV to traditional risk factor models did not change the AUC from 0.78 to AUC 0.78 (P = 0.99) for prediction of CAD on CCTA |
| Kim et al. (39) | 470 | Suspected CAD undergoing CCTA | 470 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV showed significant correlation with segment stenosis score, segment involvement score, CAC, and the number of segment with non-calcified plaque, mixed plaque, and calcified plaque on CCTA, respectively |
| Hofmann et al. (34) | 155 | Undergoing coronary bypass surgery | 67 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | cfPWV was strongly associated with the severity of the patients' CAD (P < 0.001) |
| Chung et al. (37) | 703 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 73 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV was significantly associated with the SYNTAX score (R2 = 0.525, P < 0.001) |
| Kim et al. (40) | 501 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 59 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV was significantly associated with modified Gensini stenosis score (P = 0.033) and vessel disease score (P < 0.001) even after controlling for potential confounders |
| Chae et al. (36) | 651 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 58 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV was associated with the presence of obstructive CAD but not with CAD extent |
| Bechlioulis et al. (30) | 393 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 61 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | Increased cfPWV was associated with CAD in overweight and obese patients (body mass index ≥ 25kg/m2; waist circumference ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women; P < 0.05) |
| Xiong et al. (45) | 321 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 65 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Multivariable analysis showed that baPWV was independently associated with the SYNTAX score (P < 0.001) |
| Nam et al. (42) | 615 | Undergoing health check-up | 53 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV was associated with obstructive CAD on CCTA. The optimal cut-off value for the detection of obstructive CAD was 1,426 cm/s |
PWV, pulse wave velocity; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; AUC, area under curve; CCTA, coronary computed tomography angiography; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAG, coronary angiography; CAC, coronary artery calcium; SYNTAX, SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery.