Table 2.
Summary of recent studies showing the association between pulse wave velocity and cerebral artery atherosclerosis.
| Source | Number of patients | Population | Mean age (years) | Design | PWV | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhai et al. (50) | 953 | Community population | 56 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Increased baPWV was associated with most of imaging markers of SVD, including dilated PVS in white matter, larger WMH volume, and marginally associated with strictly lobar CMB |
| Tabata et al. (54) | 149 | Coronary artery disease | 71 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | A multivariate analysis showed that baPWV were predictors of lacunar infarcts and CBM |
| Kim et al. (52) | 1,282 | Acute ischemic stroke or TIA | 68 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | On multivariate analysis, an increase in baPWV was associated with chronic lacunes, WMH, deep CMB, acute SVD, combined SVD score >1, and combined SVD score > 2 |
| Rosano et al. (57) | 273 | Community population | 83 | Longitudinal | cfPWV | Higher cfPWV in 1997-1998 was associated with greater WMH volume in 2006-2008 within the left superior longitudinal fasciculus |
| King et al. (59) | 1,270 | Community population | 51 | Cross-sectional | aPWV | An increase in aortic PWV was related to an increase in subsequent WMH volume |
| Poels et al. (56) | 1,460 | Community population | 58 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | Higher cfPWV was associated with larger white matter lesion volume but not with lacunar infarcts or microbleeds |
| Kim et al. (51) | 801 | Acute ischemic stroke | 64 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Increased baPWV was associated with the presence of atherosclerosis (≥50% stenosis) in the intracranial cerebral artery, but not with atherosclerosis in the extracranial cerebral artery |
| Zhang et al. (63) | 270 | Hypertensive | 61 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | cfPWV was independently associated with stenosis or calcification of intracranial artery |
| Kim et al. (53) | 120 | Lacunar infarction | 64 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Patients with higher baPWV were more likely to have multiple lacunar infarcts and more severe white matter lesions |
| van Elderen et al. (60) | 86 | Type 1 diabetes | 47 | Cross-sectional | aPWV | Aortic PWV was independently associated with cerebral WMHs but not with cerebral microbleeds or lacunar infarcts |
| Ochi et al. (49) | 443 | Apparently healthy population | 67 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | OR of a high baPWV, defined as ≥1,500 cm/s, for the presence of CBM was 6.05 even after correction for confounding parameters, including age and hypertension |
| Brandts et al. (58) | 50 | Hypertensive | 49 | Cross-sectional | aPWV | Aortic PWV was statistically significantly associated with lacunar brain infarcts (OR = 1.8, P = 0.04), independent of age, sex, and hypertension duration, but not with WMH |
| Park et al. (66) | 67 | Acute ischemic stroke | 65 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | baPWV was significantly correlated with cerebral arterial calcification (r = 0.524, P < 0.001) |
| De Silva et al. (64) | 268 | Acute ischemic stroke | 62 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | cfPWV was significantly higher in patients with significant stenosis of intracranial artery than those without |
| Choi et al. (67) | 223 | Stroke | 66 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Multiple regression analysis revealed that the baPWV was not independently associated with increased risk of stroke, or the severity of WMH or CMB |
| Henskens et al. (55) | 167 | General population | 52 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | A higher cfPWV was significantly associated with a greater volume of WMH and the presence of lacunar infarcts but not with CBM |
PWV, pulse wave velocity; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; SVD, small vessel disease; PVS, perivascular space, WMH, white matter hyperintensity; CBMs, cerebral microbleed; TIA, transient ischemic attack; cfPWV: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; aPWV, aortic pulse wave velocity; OR, odds ratio.