Table 4.
Summary of recent studies showing cut-off value of PWV in the prediction of atherosclerosis or future cardiovascular events.
| Source | Number of patients | Population | Mean age (years) | Design | PWV | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. (38) | 83 | Type 2 diabetes | 64 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 17.9 m/s. The optimal cutoff value of baPWV for the detection of coronary artery stenosis (≥20%) was 16.5 m/s with a sensitivity 68.9% and a specificity 63.2% |
| Yang et al. (83) | 738 | General population | 52 | Longitudinal | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 15.1 m/s. Compared with baseline baPWV < 14 m/s group, baPWV ≥ 14 m/s group was significantly associated with the incidence of new carotid plaque formation even after adjusting for common risk factors |
| Kubozono et al. (75) | 1.583 | General population | 56 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 15.3 m/s. baPWV > 16.2 m/s was optimal cutoff value for detection of the presence of carotid atherosclerosis (carotid IMT ≥ 1 mm) (sensitivity 64% and specificity 71%) |
| Chiha et al. (31) | 344 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 61 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | Mean cfPWV value of study population was 12.4 m/s. Patients with cfPWV ≥ 10 m/s was associated with higher coronary extent score than those with cfPWV < 10 m/s |
| Cainzos-Achirica et al. (46) | 15,185 | Undergoing health check-up | 42 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 13.3 m/s. baPWV > 13.5 m/s had a sensitivity for CAC > 100 of 70% and a specificity of 59%. baPWV > 14.3 m/s had a sensitivity for CAC > 100 of 78% and a specificity of 51% |
| Kim et al. (39) | 470 | Suspected CAD undergoing CCTA | 470 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 14.8 m/s. baPWV > 15.5 m/s was optimal cutoff value for detection of the presence and severity of obstructive CAD (≥ 50%) (sensitivity 56.6% and specificity 79.7%) |
| Lee et al. (89) | 350 | Suspected CAD undergoing myocardial SPECT | 66 | Longitudinal | baPWV | baPWV ≥ 17.9 m/s was independently associated with worse cardiovascular outcome |
| Braber et al. (35) | 193 | Sportsmen | 55 | Cross-sectional | cfPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 8.3 m/s. For the cfPWV > 8.3 m/s, the sensitivity to detect CAD was 43%, specificity 69%, positive predictive value 31% and negative predictive value was 79% |
| Chung et al. (37) | 703 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 73 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of patients with CAD was 18.4 m/s. baPWV > 17.3 m/s had a sensitivity of 55.6% and specificity of 62.4% in predicting coronary stenosis |
| Kim et al. (40) | 501 | Suspected CAD undergoing invasive CAG | 59 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of study population was 15.9 m/s. baPWV > 17 m/s was significantly associated with the presence and severity of obstructive CAD (≥ 50%) |
| Gasecki et al. (14) | 134 | Acute ischemic stroke | 63 | Longitudinal | cfPWV | Mean cfPWV value of study population was 8.3 m/s. cfPWV ≥ 9 m/s was associated with worse clinical outcome at hospital discharge with a specificity 61.5% and sensitivity 77.3% |
| Nam et al. (42) | 615 | Undergoing health check-up | 53 | Cross-sectional | baPWV | Mean baPWV value of patients with CAD was 14.3 m/s. The optimal cut-off value for the detection of obstructive CAD was 14.3 m/s, which had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 63% |
PWV, pulse wave velocity; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAG, coronary angiography; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CAC, coronary artery calcium; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography.