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. 2019 Apr 15;9:6095. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42640-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Divergence time estimates. (a) Maximum parsimony tree rooted with the donkey. Coloured circles represent contemporary haplogroups; grey rings indicate basal HTs of the crowns’ sublines. The number of mutations on a branch is given on its left, unless it is one. In the lower panel the full range of mutations observed after respective coalescence points (mut) and years back to the MRCA (y) under the assumption of a mutation rate of 1.69 × 10⁻⁸ site/generation and assuming a generation interval from eight to twelve years (b) is shown. 95% highest posterior density intervals are given in brackets. The position of variant fBOI (indicative for Y-HT1 in Wutke et al.⁷⁷) is marked by an arrow. Details on variants are given in Supplementary Table S8. (b) Mean generation intervals calculated from deep pedigrees from males genotyped for the respective haplogroup. The number of father-son pairs is given with genotyped individuals in parentheses (data in Supplementary Table S10).