Fig. 5.

Effects of CBE on UVB-induced cell apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of CBE (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) for 24 h and then irradiated with UVB (40 mJ/cm²). After 24 h, the apoptotic cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI and analyzed by flow cytometry (a). The histogram illustrates the apoptosis rate of the HaCaT cells (b). Values are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). ^###P < 0.001 versus the control; *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus the UVB-alone group