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Concentration of (a) IL-8, (b) MMP-3, (c) MMP-12 and (d) MMP-13 in chondro-MSC cultures left untreated (culture media only) or exposed to 0.9% saline, ALM, TXA or recombinant human IL-1β. Data is expressed as mean ± S.E.M. *P < 0.05 compared to no treatment. ALM, adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium; IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; TXA, tranexamic acid
