Table 2. Retrospective, observational studies investigating disparities based on insurance and area of residence.
| Source | Data source | # of lung cancer patients | Years studied | Research question | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atkins et al. (22) | Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program | 348,002 | 2000–2006 | Do rates of lung cancer incidence and mortality vary according to urban-rural areas of residence? | Patients with early-stage NSCLC living in rural areas show lower rates of resection and have shorter survival |
| Crowell et al. (23) | Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program | 21,144 | 1988–1997 | Do treatment and outcome disparities exist for NSCLC patients living in New Mexico compared to other states? | New Mexico patients had lower rates of resection and higher rates of mortality compared |
| Johnson et al. (24) | Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry | 8,322 | 2000–2009 | What is the impact of residential and neighborhood characteristics on lung cancer treatment and outcomes? | Those living in segregated and economically deprived neighborhoods were less likely to undergo surgery |
| Osuoha et al. (25) | Nevada Central Cancer Registry | 12,964 | 2003–2010 | Are there variations in lung cancer treatment and survival within the state of Nevada? | Those living in rural areas of Nevada are less likely to undergo surgery and exhibit poorer survival rates |
| Shi et al. (26) | National Cancer Database | 299,914 | 1998–2011 | What is the effect of insurance status on overall survival of early stage NSCLC? | Compared with private insurance, those with no insurance, Medicaid, and Medicare were at increased risk of death |
| Sineshaw et al. (27) | North American Association of Central Cancer Registries | 110,711 | 2007–2011 | Is there state-level variation in the receipt of curative-intent surgery across the United States? | Receipt of curative-intent surgery varies across states in the United States. Receipt of surgery was statistically significantly lower for blacks compared to whites in Texas and Florida |
| Yorio et al. (28) | Institutional | 450 | 2000–2005 | Are treatment disparities for lung cancer due to individual or institutional characteristics? | Treatment disparities persist at the institutional level, as patients with non-private insurance are less likely to undergo resection |
NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.