Table 2. Intraoperative variables and complications.
| Variables | No-Ketamine (n=40) | Ketamine-Use (n=98) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median number of levels [IQR] | 9 [7–10] | 9 [7–13] | 0.087 |
| Laminectomy (%) | 45.0 | 48.9 | 0.676 |
| Osteotomy (%) | 10.0 | 22.1 | 0.098 |
| SSEP (%) | 43.6 | 45.5 | 0.846 |
| TcMEP (%) | 20.5 | 24.1 | 0.655 |
| EMG (%) | 35.9 | 25.3 | 0.223 |
| Fluoroscopy (%) | 69.2 | 62.1 | 0.438 |
| Bone graft (%) | 95.0 | 92.6 | 0.605 |
| Operative time (mins) | 329.1±128.1 | 329.3±125.0 | 0.991 |
| EBL (mL) | 1,429.5±1,409.7 | 1,276.2±1,211.6 | 0.549 |
| PRBC transfusion (%) | 47.5 | 51.0 | 0.708 |
| Cell saver transfusion (%) | 60.0 | 66.3 | 0.481 |
| Amount of ketamine (mg) | – | 49.5±48.4 | – |
| Drain placement (%) | 84.6 | 90.7 | 0.304 |
| Nerve/spinal cord damage (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.00 |
| Durotomy (%) | 10.3 | 5.1 | 0.272 |
SSEP, sensory stimulus evoked potentials; TcMEP, transcranial motor evoked potentials; EMG, electromyography; EBL, estimated blood loss; PRBC, packed red blood cell.