Fig. 3.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion in a healthy individual visualized using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP). Time-SLIP enables observation of the movement of labeled CSF, shown in white on the image slab, in the first 1–6 s after starting the imaging. Conversely, unlabeled CSF flowing into the specified slab is visualized in black. Motion of labeled (white band) CSF to the third ventricle at the anterior horn and conversely to the anterior horn at the third ventricle is observed (a and b). CSF motion that ascends toward the third ventricle (d) and conversely descends toward the fourth ventricle (c). Irregular motions (black unlabeled turbulent wake in the white labeled area) are evident in the third ventricle (c circle). Motion in both caudal and cephalic directions in the fourth ventricle and the ventral surface of the brainstem (e and f). An image showing (g) lateral movement in the Sylvian fissure (arrow), but no movement is observed in the convexity of the cerebrum (circle). A sagittal image visualizes CSF that appears to be stagnant, with no movement at all (h circle). Labeling around the choroid plexus does not show marked CSF movement (i and j).