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. 2019 Apr 12;11:310–326. doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.02.007

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Lesion prevalence map and lesion-symptom mapping results. Lesion prevalence map (A), lesion size topographies (B), and SVR-LSM and SVR-ROI results (C–F). The right hemisphere is depicted on the right. (A) Lesion prevalence map showing voxels that are damaged in at least five patients is projected on the 1 mm MNI-152 template [63]. The bar indicates the number of patients with a lesion for each voxel. (B) Lesion size topographies for each voxel lesioned in at least five patients. The bar indicates the median lesion volume (in milliliters) per patient, given that the specific voxel is lesioned. This illustrates whether a particular voxel is more often damaged by relatively large infarcts (red) or small infarcts (purple). In the present study, right hemispheric infarcts were often larger and commonly included cortical areas, while infarcts in the thalamus, brain stem, and internal capsule were often small. (C–D) Results of multivariate lesion-symptom mapping. Voxelwise associations between the presence of a lesion and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score (C) or language domain score (D) were determined using support vector regression (SVR-LSM). This multivariate approach assesses the intervoxel correlations and identifies which voxels have an independent contribution to the outcome measure. These associations are corrected for age, gender, and education. Significant clusters are shown in colors ranging from yellow (P = .01) to red (P < .001). To visualize the voxels that were included in each step of the analyses, voxels associated with cognition in the univariate analyses (without correction for multiple testing), but not in the multivariate analyses, are shown in light blue. Voxels with no univariate association with cognition are shown in dark blue and were not included in the multivariate analysis. Uncolored voxels were not included in any step of the analyses because these were damaged in less than five individuals. (E–F) Results of multivariate region of interest–based analyses using support vector regression (SVR-ROI). The ROIs where the regional infarct volume was statistically associated with the cognitive functions are colored from yellow (P = .01) to red (P < .001). ROIs that were associated with cognition in the univariate analyses but not in the multivariate analyses are shown in light blue. The names of the significant ROIs are labeled in the figure. Abbreviations: ACR, anterior corona radiata; AIC, anterior limb of internal capsule; CPed, cerebral peduncle; EC, external capsule; IFGtri, inferior frontal gyrus (triangular); IFO, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus; MOG, middle occipital gyrus; MTG, middle temporal gyrus; PIC, posterior limb of internal capsule; PTR, posterior thalamic radiation; RIC, retrolenticular part of internal capsule; ROp, rolandic operculum; SCR, superior corona radiata; SFO, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus; SOG, superior occipital gyrus; SS, sagittal striatum; STG, superior temporal gyrus.