Table 2.
Patient characteristics of pilot study sample
| Characteristics | COAST (n = 74) | CODECS (n = 20) | CU-STRIDE (n = 410) | DEDEMAS (n = 102) | MSS-II (n = 109) | PROCRAS (n = 163) | Total sample (n = 878) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relevant inclusion criteria | Acute ischemic stroke (within 14 days), age ≥21 years | Cerebellar stroke, age ≥18 years | Ischemic stroke, Chinese ethnicity, language: Cantonese | Acute ischemic stroke (within 3 days), age ≥18 years, language: German | Lacunar or mild cortical ischemic stroke (within 4 weeks), age ≥18 years, visible infarct | Acute ischemic stroke, age ≥50 years, language: Dutch | - |
| Relevant exclusion criteria | Significant aphasia or dysarthria, prior dementia, psychiatric comorbidity | Significant aphasia or severe dysarthria, prior cognitive impairment | Significant aphasia, prior dementia, psychiatric comorbidity | Prior dementia | None | Prior dementia, severe stroke requiring long-term care | - |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age in years, mean ± SD | 58.4 ± 10.5 | 60.3 ± 16.7 | 68.6 ± 10.4 | 71.0 ± 8.7 | 65.6 ± 11.4 | 69.5 ± 0.76 | 67.6 ± 10.9 |
| Female, n (%) | 21 (28.4) | 10 (50.0) | 163 (39.8) | 35 (34.3) | 41 (37.6) | 53 (32.5) | 323 (36.8) |
| Education in years, mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 3.7 | 13.6 ± 4.6 | 5.9 ± 4.7 | 10.6 ± 2.1 | 12.1 ± 3.2 | 11.4 ± 2.5 | 8.5 ± 4.7 |
| Handedness, left/right/ambidext., n | N/A | 13/4/0 (n = 17)∗ | 396/7/7 | 95/6/1 | 97/12/0 | 153/6/4 | 754/35/12 (n = 801)∗ |
| Clinical history of stroke or TIA | 10 (13.5) | 0 (0.0) | 56 (13.7) | 17 (16.7) | 16 (14.7) | 34 (20.9) | 133 (15.1) |
| Cognitive assessment | |||||||
| MoCA total (max. 30), mean ± SD | 21.0 ± 5.0 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | 19.9 ± 5.9 | 25.0 ± 3.3 | 25.3 ± 3.5 | 22.0 ± 4.3 | 21.8 ± 5.4 |
| MoCA language (max. 5), mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.9 |
| Time point of MoCA assessment, n days after stroke onset, median (IQR) | 121 (47) | 3 months† | 154 (47)‡ | 2 (2) | 389 (43) (n = 107)∗ | 3 (3) | 134 (172) (n = 856)∗ |
| Brain imaging | |||||||
| Scan used for lesion segmentation, DWI/FLAIR/CT, n | 30/4/40 | 5/10/5 | 307/0/103 | 102/0/0 | 0/109/0 | 0/163/0 | 444/286/148 |
| Normalized acute infarct volume in milliliters, median (IQR) | 6.82 (30.59) | 16.59 (48.95) | 2.31 (11.99) | 2.52 (11.15) | 2.59 (8.74) | 4.30 (18.88) | 2.88 (13.19) |
| Time point of imaging, n days after stroke onset, median (IQR) | 2 (3) | 5 (24) (n = 18)∗ |
1 (2)‡ | 3 (3) | 4 (6) | 33 (14) | 3 (7) (n = 856)∗ |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; IQR, interquartile range; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
∗
Missing data; available sample size (n) is noted behind the respective variable.
†
3 months is protocol for this study; no exact numbers available, therefore counted as missing data in total sample.
‡
Days after admission to clinical ward (i.e., 0 to 3 days after stroke onset or presentation at emergency department), instead of days after stroke onset.