Table 9.
Schematic overview of the three different obesity managements
| Lifestyle modification | Pharmacotherapy | Bariatric surgery |
|---|---|---|
| Non invasive | Semi-invasive | Invasive |
| Involves changes in: | Problems: | Characteristics and problems: |
| Lifestyle and behaviour | Limited choice of drugs | 3–4 types of procedures |
| Eating behaviour | Small additional weight loss | Significant, quick weight loss |
| Energy intake | Lacking long-term experience | Complications (10–30%) |
| Physical activity | Tolerance effects of drugs | Reoperation (“revision”) |
| Physical inactivity | Excess skin surgery | |
| Psychological aspects | Patients often still obese after weight | |
| Eating disorders | loss if very high baseline BMI | |
| Stress | ||
| Depression | Need lifestyle modification/pharmaco- | |
| Body image | therapy after weight loss to minimize | |
| Self-esteem | weight regain | |
| Self-affirmation | ||
| Self-confidence | ||
| Quality of life |