Fig. 2.

Nephrologist availability (density per million population) compared with physician, nursing, and pharmaceutical personnel availability by country income level. Pharmaceutical personnel include pharmacists, pharmaceutical assistants, and pharmaceutical technicians. Nursing and midwifery personnel include professional nurses, professional midwives, auxiliary nurses, auxiliary midwives, enrolled nurses, enrolled midwives, and related occupations, such as dental nurses. A logarithmic scale was used for the x axis (log[x + 1]) because of the large range in provider density. Data from Bello et al. [4], Osman et al. [43], and the World Health Organization (for pharmaceutical personnel: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.PHARMS and http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main-amro. HWF?lang=en; for nursing and midwifery personnel: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main. NURSES; and for physicians: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.92000) [44].